ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE

A. INTRODUCTION
Islam is a universal religion that covers all sides of life. Nothing was a problem, in this life, which is not explained. And no one untouched problem of Islamic values, although these problems seem small and trivial. That is Islam, the religion of mercy for the universe.
In the matter of marriage, Islam has been talking a lot. From the start how to find prospective criteria life companion, to how to treat kala Conditioning officially becomes the heart. Islam led. Similarly, Islam teaches how to create a festive wedding, but still get the blessings and does not violate the guidance of the Sunnah the Messenger of Allaah 'alaihi wasallam, as well as the wedding simple yet full of charm and light emitting and Islamic values in them.
Marriage is the way nature can accomplish biological fluctuations in the human, raised by the noble ideals of the later of the pair of cross syar'i husband and wife can produce offspring, so the role of wealth of this earth become more vibrant and the nature of marriage will give peace (ithmi'nân / thuma'nînah) for every human being, so long as marriage performed in accordance with the rules of Allah Most High, Zat Yang devoted love and mercy to mankind. And almost every believer has the same expectations of her family, which wants to live happily, Sakinah mawaddah warahmah.

B. Exhortation To Marry

"And Marry those among you sedirian, and the people who deserve (spouse) of the servants of men and sahayamu servants sahayamu women. if they are poor Allah will enable them to His Grace. and Allah is vast (giving him), Aware (Surat An-Nur: 32)
Verses above suggest to Muslims to get married, and Allah affirms that marriage is not as a cause of poverty. Married is the opening of the doors and membaawa rizki blessings and mercy from God. With married, God will add rizki and grace to his servants who believe the verses of Allah.
Islam has made a valid marriage bond based on the Qur'an and Sunnah as the only means to meet the demands of human instincts very fundamental, and the means to build an Islamic family. Appreciation of Islam against the big wedlock, to the extent that bond is set equal to half of religion. Anas ibn Malik radi 'anhu said: "It has been said: The Messenger of Allaah' alaihi wasallam (which means):" Whoever got married, then he has completed half of his religion. And should he devoted to God in keeping the other half ". [Hadiths Thabrani History and Justice].
Lo married was not something that scary, just requires careful calculation and preparation course, to avoid regret. As a treatise Syamil (overall) and Kamil (perfect), Islam has provided guidance on the purpose of marriage is to be understood by Muslims. The aim is that marriage is a blessing and worth of worship and really give peace to the husband and wife. It will come with a happy family and lasting. This can be achieved if the marriage was built on the basis of a correct understanding of Islam.
Intended to get married should follow the Sunnah of Allah Rasullullah., To procreate, and keep the honor. Married should also intended as a means of preaching, strengthen faith, and honor guard. Marriage is a means of propaganda husband to wife or vice versa, was also preaching to both families, since marriage is also relates the relationship of two families. That way, brotherhood and kinship networks became more extensive. This means, means of da'wah is also increased. On a broader scale, a successful Islamic marriages would be a pillar of support and the message of Islam pengokoh struggle, as well as the cadres bersemainya da'wah future struggles.
This is the purpose of marriage that should be the basis of every Muslim when getting married. Therefore, anyone who is getting married should really prepare everything needed to achieve the purpose of marriage as outlined Islam. At least, every Muslim, male and female, must understand the concepts of Islamic marriage like: Islamic rules about the position and roles of husband and wife in the family, the rights and obligations of spouses, parents and the obligations and rights of children around the law pregnancy, nasab, breastfeeding, childcare, and education of children in Islam.


C. Islam and Marriage
Islam was born as a mercy for the universe, especially the people who believe in Islam. Islamic conception of marriage had broken the paradigm of marriage itself. Islam regards marriage is the right of the individual, not a Prerogative rights of the parents of a child alone but as an independent individual free to choose his own. The position of parents was limited to maintain, educate and care for their children until they are adults and have the ability to pick and choose their own way. Islamic concept of marriage is based on the will and mutual consent of both parties who want to get married and when both partners have agreed it should not hinder anyone they will include carers and parents. Rejection of a parent or guardian is a violation of religious values as God has said in surah Al Baqarah verse 232 "... it is not your (the trustees) prevents them from mating with her future husband". This verse is the basis of the jurists to prohibit forced marriages and even the basis that the state is obligated to take over the guardian of marriage by a judge appoint a guardian if nasabnya reluctant or refused to marry them. In the Islamic conception of marriage is the responsibility of the guardian is not right so if the guardian nasab reject the obligations that must be taken over by the state. Rejection nasab guardian can only be accepted if a valid reason according to Islamic law among others, candidates crazy, no religion Islam, the community known bad temper (like violating religious taboos such as drunk-mabukkan, gambling, adultery, etc.), and is still under age. Beyond that, the reason for rejection nasab guardian can not be accepted and children are also not considered disobedience to parents for this because in Islam the marriage law is required so that the refusal of parents to marry off his son considered it a fight against religious law that is considered to sin .

D. Destination Weddings
a. To meet the demands Instincts Human Rights (Human Fitrah)
In the previous article we mentioned that marriage is a human nature, it is a legitimate way to meet these needs is to aqad marriage (through marriage), not by a very dirty disgusting as the ways people today with dating, cohabitation, prostitution , adultery, lesbian, gay, and so forth that have been distorted and forbidden by Islam.
b. To fortify the Human Dignity of Deeds Dirty and vile
The main goal of marriage in Islam disyari'atkannya of these is to fortify the human dignity of dirty deeds and evil, which has been lowered and lull the noble human dignity. Islam regards marriage and family formation as a means to maintain efefktif young men and women of the damage, and protect society from chaos. The Messenger of Allaah 'alaihi wasallam said (which means): "O young people! Whoever among you capable to marry, then nikahlah, because marriage is more menundukan views, and more fortify the vulva (genitals). And those who are unable, then let him fasting (shaum), because shaum it can fortify himself ". [Saheeh Ahmad, Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Nisaa'i, Darimi Ibn Jarud and Bayhaqi].

c. The Islamic Household
The lofty goal of marriage is that husband and wife execute Islamic law in his household. Law upheld households based on Islamic shariah is MANDATORY. Therefore, every Muslim and a Muslim who wants to build an Islamic household. Islamic household is a household based on the teachings of Islam in total (Kaffah)
d. Because of the Worship Married
As a man who was well aware kehambaanya, men must serve and give his life to God only and always spends his days in worship of God alone. From this perspective, the household is one of the fertile ground for worship and good deeds in addition to worship and righteous deeds, the other, to the extent that any intercourse with his wife, including worship (alms).
The Messenger of Allaah 'alaihi wasallam said (which means): "If you have intercourse with your wives, including alms!" Hearing the words of the Prophet Companions of surprise and asked: "O Messenger of Allah, a husband who satisfy the lust of his wife's desire to get a reward?" Prophet alaihi wasallam replied (which means): "What do you think if they (the husbands) in addition to intercourse with his wife, are not they innocent?" The Companions replied: "Yeah, right". He said again (which means): "So if they have intercourse with his wife (in place of the lawful), they will get the reward!". [Hadith Sahih Muslim, Ahmad and Nisaa'i with a Sahih chain of transmission].
e. Looking for descendants of Yang Salih
The purpose of marriage is to preserve and develop the sons of Adam, God says:
"God has made from self-self that you are the spouse and make you of your wives, the children and grandchildren, and give sustenance well. Will they believe in a false and deny the favor of Allah ? " [An-Nahl: 72].

And the most important thing in a marriage again not just get the kids, but trying to find and establish a quality generation, which is looking for a righteous son and devoted to God.
Surely the righteous descendants will not be obtained but with proper Islamic education. We mention this because a lot of "Institute of Islamic Education", but the content and un-Islamic way. So many of us see the children of the Muslims do not have ahlaq Islami, resulting from a wrong education. Therefore, the husband and wife are responsible to educate, teach, and guide their children on the right path.
About the purpose of marriage in Islam, Islam also considers that the establishment of the family as a way to realize the goals bigger covering various aspects of society based on Islam which will have a major influence and fundamental to the existence of Muslims and Muslims.
E. Ideal Couple In Islam
Of course, in the process of forming a suitable family is the Islamic Shari'a has provided several criteria of an ideal potential partner in efforts to develop an Islamic household, many criteria that must be ditlewati in finding a spouse, and the author will say a few criteria in accordance with the recommendation al - Qur'an and Sunnah, namely:
 Kafa'ah
According to Islam, Kafa'ah or similarity, proportionality or equal to marriage, is considered very important because the existence of similarities between the husband and wife, then the effort to establish and build an Islamic household inysa God will manifest. But according to the Islamic kafa'ah measured only by the quality of faith and taqwa and ahlaq person, not a social status, descent and others. God looked at the degree of a person whether they were Arabs and non Arabs, poor or rich. There was no difference of the two but taqwanya degrees.
It means: "O mankind, We created you from a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Verily the most noble among you in Allah's sight are those most devoted among you. Verily Allah is Knower, Aware ". [Al-Hujurat: 13].

And they still sekufu 'and there is no obstacle for them to marry each other. Compulsory for parents, young men and women who still berfaham materialist and customs retain their compulsory leave and return to the Qur'an and Sunnah of Sahih. Word of the Messenger of Allaah alaihi wasallam (which means): "Women marry because of four things: Because of his wealth, for his descendants, because of her beauty, and because of his religion. Then let you choose because of his religion (the Islamannya), because if not, thou get hurt ". [HR. Bukhari, Muslim].
Salih and Shalihah 
According to the Qur'an shalihah woman is:
It means: "The man is a leader for women, by For God has preferred some of them (men) over some of the other (female), and because they (the man) has spend of their property. So therefore the pious woman, who is obedient to God again to maintain themselves when her husband was not there, by Because God has been keeping (them). women nusyuznya you worried, then they nasehatilah and separate them in their beds, and beat them. Then if they mentaatimu, so do not look for a way to menyusahkannya. Verily Allah is Most High, great. [Surah An-Nisaa: 34].

According to the Qur'an and Al-Hadith in the Sahih of the characteristics of women who shalihah is:
o obey God, obey the Apostle,
o Wearing the veil that covers all the shame
o Not to show off the beauty (tabarruj) as pagan woman
o Not be alone with two men who are not mahram,
obey the second o Parents in goodness,
o obey the husband,
o and so forth.

F. Marriage Procedure in Islam
Islam has given a clear concept about marriage procedures based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, the author briefly mentioned and explain if necessary:
a) making a proposal
It means: "And there is no sin for you woo the ladies [148] with innuendo [149] or you hide (the desire to marry them) in your hearts. God knows that you would mention them, in the meantime do not make a promise to marry them in secret, but just to say (to them) words that ma'ruf [150]. and do not ber'azam (bertetap liver) to beraqad marriage, before out 'iddahnya. and Know that Allah knows what is in your heart; So fear Him, and know that Allah is Forgiving, Clement. (Surat al-Baqara: 235)

A Muslim who would marry a Muslim he should first proposed, because it is possible he was dipinang by others, in this case Islam forbids a Muslim woman's hand in marriage dipinang by others [Muttafaq 'alaihi]. In view khitbah disunnahkan will face dipinang [Saheeh Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi and Darimi].
b) Aqad Marriage
In a marriage there are several aqad conditions and obligations that must be met:
 Like both like the second bride.
 Ijab qabul.
 Mahar.
 Wali.
 The Witnesses.
c) Walimah
Walimatul 'urusy is obligatory and cultivated as simple as possible and in walimah should be invited poor people. The Messenger of Allaah 'alaihi wasallam said about inviting the rich just means the food was bad-bad food. Word of the Prophet alaihi wasallam (which means): "Food is the worst food in walimah invite only rich people have to eat, while the poor are not invited. Those who did not attend the invitation walimah, he disobedience to God and His Messenger ". [Hadith Saheeh Muslim History and Bayhaqi from Abu Hurairah].

H. MARRIAGE IS PROHIBITED IN ISLAM
Islam prohibits some forms of marriage, God willing, the author will say a few marriages that are prohibited in the Islamic religion:

a. Nikah Mut'ah
The definition of marriage is a marriage of mut'ah intended only for bersenag-fun and only for a certain period only, may be termed a marriage contract expression.
At first marriage was allowed by the Prophet Muhammad, because at that time the Muslims are experiencing a prolonged war and away from their wives, the consideration that the Muslims who were in the field avoid the danger of war and dishonor adultery.
After that the Prophet Muhammad forbade the marriage of this type, because it was feared there were elements of abuse against women, and not in accordance with the purpose of marriage itself.
b. Marriage Muhallil
Muhallil marriage is a marriage that made one man against the woman who has been in three divorces, with the intention that her ex-husband that his wife had mentalak can marry again.
Such marriage is prohibited by religion, even dilaknak by the Prophet Muhammad. In a hadith the Messenger of Allah SAW said: "From Ibn Mas'ud, he said: the Prophet Muhammad condemned man Muhallil and Muhallal lahu (HR.Tarmidzi and Nasai).
c. Wedding Cross (Different Religions)
Marriage is a cross inter-faith marriages or marriage between men and women of different beliefs and different religions. Islam forbids marriage and this cross as mentioned in the Word of God:
"And do not marry women idolaters, until they believe. Indeed slave woman who believes is better than women polytheists, even though she allures you. and do not marry idolaters (with the women believers) until they believe. Truly a believing slave is better than the polytheists, even though she allures you. they take into hell, while Allah invites to Paradise and pardon by His permission. and God's revelations to explain him (the commandments of His) to mankind that they may take heed ". (Surat al-Baqara: 221)

d. Wedding Khadan
Khadan means concubine or mistress, both men who made the woman as his mistress, or vice versa. Marriage is Khadan pagan traditions and the modern world change khadan term with the term "cohabitation". Marriage or the way that this is forbidden by the religion and insulting the values of the sacral household and holy.

CLOSING
Allah says:
"And among the signs of His power is that He created for you wives from jenismu itself, so that you will live peacefully with him. He (also) have been made between you (husband, wife) of love and affection. Surely, in this actually there are signs for those who reflect ". [QS. Ar-Rum: 21].
Wedding or marriage is a spiritual and physical bond between a man and woman in a household based on the religion in an attempt mencar ideal household. The ideal household according to the teachings of Islam is covered households Sakinah (tranquility soul), Mawaddah (my love) and Rahmah (compassion).
In an Islamic household, a husband and wife should understand each other's shortcomings and strengths, and must know all the rights and obligations and understand the function and duty of each to be carried out with full responsibility. So the effort to realize the marriage and households that got keridla'an God can be realized, but given the human condition that can not be separated from the weaknesses and shortcomings, while the examinations and trials always accompany human life, it is not unusual for couples who originally lived quiet, peaceful and happy surprise hit "crisis" discord and strife.